Chronology of the Bible |
Last updated: 8-May-2017 (See History.) |
This chart is a text copy of the chart in Aschmann.net/BibleChronology,
and is searchable, unlike the chart there, which is an image file. However, most
of the clarifying
graphics are missing from this chart, and it is messy in many ways, so search
it if you need to, but then go back to the main chart to see things more
clearly.
Anytime the following is seen in the chart:
- - - - - - - - - -
it means that things above it and below it don’t quite line up, because I had to start a new table, but that any vertical lines should be assumed to continue.
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Sarah and Abraham were children of Terah by |
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Family Tree of the Patriarchs |
Terah |
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different mothers (Gen. 20:12), but this is all we |
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┌── |
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know about the wives of Terah. |
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Haran |
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══╗ |
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┌─── |
──┼── |
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Lot’s wife |
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═══Lot |
Iscah |
Milcah════ |
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═Nahor |
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Abraham |
═╩═╤═══ |
═Sarah |
│ |
Hagar |
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Keturah |
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│ |
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├── |
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──┐ |
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┌── |
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Bethuel |
(others, Gen. 22:20-24) |
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older |
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younger |
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┌───── |
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daughter |
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daughter |
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Laban |
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Rebekah |
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Isaac |
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Ishmael |
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Midianites |
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(others) |
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Moab |
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Ben-Ammi |
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Ishmaelites |
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┌─ |
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Moabites |
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Ammonites |
┌── |
─────┴───── |
──┐ |
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Bilhah |
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Zilpah |
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Leah |
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Rachel |
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Jacob |
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Esau |
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====== Marriage or sexual relationship |
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Dan |
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Gad |
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Reuben, Simeon |
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Joseph, |
Benjamin |
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Edomites |
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====== Marriage to blood relative |
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Naphtali |
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Asher |
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Levi, Judah |
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Issachar, Zebulon |
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Ephraim |
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Amalekites |
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====== Forbidden in Mosaic Law |
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Dinah |
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Manasseh |
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All of the teal-colored text
showing the corresponding pages in The Narrated Bible is missing from
this chart, since there is no need to ever search for this information,
which is almost entirely sequential. I only occasionally show the actual text
found in that column, such as the following, since I made and use this file for
translation purposes.
Shown in this |
I also do not show the dark-red year scale in this chart, for the same reason: it is sequential and need never be searched for.
— 2296 Terah born? (Gen. 11:32) |
Chronology of the Bible (Aschmann.net/BibleChronology) © 2017 Richard Aschmann |
(born 2296?)
Terah |
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Why does this chronology start with Terah and not with Adam? |
The Patriarchs |
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Names highlighted in red |
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— 2226 Haran born? (Gen. 11:26) The names of Abram’s brother Haran and of the city of Haran, |
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(born 2226?) Haran |
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— 2166 Abram born (Gen. 12:4) ——————————————————————————— |
Terah must have been at least 130 at this time, since Abram was 75 when he entered Canaan, after the |
(born 2166) Abraham (Abram) |
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— 2156 Sarai born (Gen. 17:17) ··············· Lot, Milcah, and Iscah, children of Haran, are born (Gen. 11:27, 29) |
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(born 2156) Sarah (Sarai) |
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··············· Haran dies in Ur of the Chaldees (Gen. 11:28) ··············· Abram and Nahor both marry (Gen. 11:29) ··············· The Call of Abram, time uncertain (Acts 7:2-4, Gen. 12:2-3)— ————————— ··············· Terah moves Abram’s entire clan to Haran (Gen. 11:31) ——————————— |
God called Abram while he was still living in Ur of the Chaldees (Acts 7:2-4). Terah, perhaps (This seems to be the most logical way to reconcile Genesis 11 and 12 with Acts 7, and is |
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— 2091 Death of Terah, Abram leaves Haran and settles in Canaan (Gen. 12:4-5) ———————————————— |
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Abram arrives in Canaan at |
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2091? |
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Abram goes to Egypt because of the famine. Separation from Lot. War with eastern kings. Promise and covenant first made. (Gen. 12:10-15:21) |
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— 2081 Abram takes Hagar as wife (Gen. 16:1-14) — 2080 Ishmael born (Gen. 16:15-16) |
Where exactly were Sodom and Gomorrah? ↓ |
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(born 2080) Ishmael |
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— 2067 Confirmation of the covenant. Circumcision. Abram renamed Abraham, Sarai renamed Sarah. Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. Problem with Abimelech. (Gen. 17-20) |
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— 2066 Isaac born (Gen. 21:1-7) — 2063 Isaac weaned, Ishmael and Hagar sent away (Gen. 21:8-21) |
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(born 2066) Isaac |
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Was Hebrew Abraham’s native language? No, the Bible seems to clearly indicate that his But in that case why is he called Abram the Hebrew in Genesis 14:13? The answer is a bit |
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— 2029 Death of Sarah (Gen. 23:1-2) — 2026 Isaac marries Rebekah (Gen. 24, 25:20) |
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-2029 |
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··············· Abraham marries Keturah after Sarah’s death, has more children. (Age at least 137 at remarriage, probably at least 140!) (Gen. 25:1-6) — 2006 Esau and Jacob born (Gen. 25:24-26) — 1991 Death of Abraham (Gen. 25:7-10) ··············· Esau and Jacob grown, Esau sells birthright (Gen. 25:27-34) ··············· Isaac, Abimelech, and Rebekah (Gen. 26:1-33) — 1966 Esau marries heathen wives (age 40). (Gen. 26:34-35) *Indicates a date about which I disagree with F. LaGard Smith |
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(born 2006) Jacob |
1991 |
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— 1937 Death of Ishmael (Gen. 25:17) |
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— 1929 Jacob deceives Isaac to receive blessing, flees to Haran (age 77!). (Gen. 27:1-29:20) — 1922 Jacob marries Leah and Rachel (Gen. 29:21-30) 1921─ 11 sons born (see box above) — 1915 Birth of Joseph (Gen. 30:22-24) 1915─ — 1909* Jacob leaves Haran, meets Esau, settles in Shechem (Gen. 31-33) |
1929─ Jacob works 7 years for Rachel 1929─ before marriage (Gen. 29:15-20), Jacob spends 1922─ works 7 years for Rachel and Leah a total of 20 after marriage (Gen. 29:21-30:26), years in Haran 1915─ and works 6 years for livestock (Gen. 31:38-41) (Gen. 30:26-43, 31:41). 1909*─ 1909*─ |
Levi (born 1919?) (born 1915) Joseph |
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— 1900? Rape of Dinah (age 14?), murder of Shechemites. Move to Bethel, then Bethlehem. Birth of Benjamin (Jacob 106!), death of Rachel. Reuben’s incest (age 22?). Move to Hebron. (Gen. 34:1-35:22) |
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— 1898 Joseph sold into slavery, age 17 (Gen. 37:2b-36) Potiphar's household, prison (Gen. 39) — 1887 Joseph interprets Pharaoh's dream, becomes ruler of Egypt, age 30 (Gen. 41:1-46a) ———————————————————————————————————— — 1885 Joseph sold into slavery, age 17 (Gen. 37:2b-36) ─ 7 years — 1878 Start of seven years of famine (Gen. 41:53-57) ─ of plenty |
— 1886 Death of Isaac (Gen. 35:27-29) |
1898?— 1877?— |
See box below for Judah’s story |
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1886 |
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— 1876 Second visit of Joseph’s brothers, including Benjamin (Gen. 43:1-47:12) ————— ─ 7 years |
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The Israelites move to Egypt |
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Senusret II (Sesostris II) 1897 |
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— 1871 End of seven years of famine ─ of famine |
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Senusret III (Sesostris III) 1843 1839 Probable ruling |
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— 1859 Death of Jacob (Gen. 47:28-50:21) — 1805 Death of Joseph (Gen. 50:22-26) — 1782? Death of Levi (Exo. 6:16) |
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1859 1805 1782? |
Slavery in Egypt
“Then
a new king, who did not know about Joseph, came to power” (Exodus 1:8-14).
This was the start of the oppression of the Israelites, |
The
Israelites were in Egypt for 430 years, as stated in Exodus 12:40-41. |
When
was Hebrew (Canaanite) first written? |
The Exodus and
the Entry into Canaan
*Indicates a date about which I disagree with F. LaGard Smith
— 1529 Aaron born (Exo. 7:7) |
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Aaron |
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Pharaoh orders the killing of all newborn Hebrew boys (Exo. 1:15-22) |
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— 1526 Moses born (Exo. 2:1-9) |
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Moses |
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(born 1495*??) Joshua |
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— 1486 Moses flees to Midian (Exo. 2:11-22) |
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For more on the |
(born 1485) (Jos. 14:6-12) Caleb |
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(born 1465 or later) (Num. 14:29-38) Elders who outlived Joshua (Jos. 24:31, Jdg. 2:7) |
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— 1447 Burning bush. First confrontation with Pharaoh and backlash (Exo. 3:6) — 1446 Plagues. Exodus. Mt. Sinai. Law. Golden calf. Tabernacle. (Exo. 7:1-39:31) ————————— — 1445 Tabernacle completed. First Passover after Egypt. Journey to Canaan. Spies and rebellions. (Exo. 39:32 – Num. 18:32) |
The Exodus from Egypt (Exo. 12:40-41, 430 years after Israelites move to Egypt) (Exo. 12:51, 480 years before foundation of temple in 967) |
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For a detailed, month-by-month |
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38 years of wandering in the desert (1445 – early 1407, Deu. 2:14-16) |
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Othniel (nephew of Caleb) |
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— 1407 Return to Kadesh (April, Num. 20:1). Travel to Mount Hor, Aaron dies (August, Num. 20:22-33:38-39). Reach Jordan crossing. (Num. 20:1-35:8) — 1406 Deuteronomy address (March, Deu. 1-30). Joshua named, Moses dies (Deu. 31-34). Cross Jordan, Passover (April, Jos. 1-5). Conquest. (Deu. 1-Jos. 12) —— |
The Israelites enter Canaan (Joshua 3) |
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— 1400 The Lord appears to Joshua, final disposition of land (Jos. 13-21). Joshua's address to eastern tribes and aftermath (Jos. 22). Caleb receives Hebron at 85 (Jos. 14:6-12) |
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— 1385*?? Joshua's final address and death (Jos. 23:1-24:30, Jdg. 2:8-9) |
Additional conquests and failure to complete conquest (Jdg. 1:1-2:5) “And the people served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and |
Time of the Judges |
1385*?? |
From Judges |
— 1379? |
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1379? |
Oppression by Mesopotamians 8 years (Jdg. 3:8) |
Chronology of M. A. Cragg |
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Israelites do evil (Jdg. 3:7) Oppression by Mesopotamians 8 years (Jdg. 3:8) |
1380? — |
1380 ?? |
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— 1371? |
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Othniel (nephew of Caleb) delivers Israel and becomes judge for 40 years (Jdg. 3:9-11) |
(I have added one year to all of his |
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Colors used during the period of the Judges: Years as judge Possible additional years as judge (uncertain) Years of peace, not necessarily matching a judge Years when the Israelites do evil (only in Smith’s chronology) Years of oppression red figures: Time span provided in the text |
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According to research only made available in English in 2010, the name “Israel” has |
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Othniel (nephew of Caleb) delivers Israel and becomes judge for 40 years (Jdg. 3:9-11) |
Chronology of The Narrated Bible by F. LaGard Smith |
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— 1331? |
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1331? |
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Southwest Israel |
Southeast Israel |
Central and |
1327?— |
1331? 1327? |
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Israelites do evil (Jdg. 3:12) |
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1322? |
Northern Israel |
1322?— |
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Oppression by Moabites 18 years (Jdg. 3:13-14) |
┌────┐ │Ruth? │ └────┘ |
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Oppression by Moabites 18 years (Jdg. 3:13-14) |
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Moabites |
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— 1313? |
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1313? |
Deliverance by Ehud (Jdg. 3:15-30) |
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The land has peace for 80 years. (Jdg. 3:30) |
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Deliverance by Ehud (Jdg. 3:15-30) |
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┌────┐ 1304?│Ruth? │ └────┘ |
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1304?— |
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The chronology of the book of Judges is difficult, since if we add together all of Here I have very tentatively followed M. A. Cragg's chronology, but I have also “After Ehud came Shamgar” (Jdg. 3:31) |
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The land has peace for 80 |
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Ehud |
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“After Ehud died, the Israelites once again did evil in the eyes of the |
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1253?? Philistines 1248?? |
1253? |
1253? evil (Jdg. 4:1) |
1253?— |
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— 1233? — 1220? — 1213? |
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1233? Jabin 1213?- 1203— |
The Merneptah Deborah, Gideon |
Northwest Israel 1233? Oppression by 1213? Deliverance |
Southwest Israel Philistines (Jdg. ? 3:31) Deliverance by (southwest only?) ? |
Eastern Israel Oppression by Deliverance by (Jdg. 6:11-8:27) The land has peace (Jdg. 8:28) |
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The land has peace Israelites do evil (Jdg. 6:1) Oppression by Midianites Deliverance by (Jdg. 6:11-8:27) |
Shamgar 1224? |
Peace |
1244? Jabin and 1224? Deborah |
1224?— 1184?— 1177?— |
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— 1173? — 1170? — 1147? — 1125? — 1116? |
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1173? 1170? Tola 1147? Jair 1125? 1116? |
Abimelech |
(born 1174?) 1116? |
“After the time of Abimelech …He was followed by Jair” Judges 12: 7 “Jephthah led Israel” 8 “after him, Ibzan” 11 “after him, Elon” 13 “after him, Abdon” |
Around 1175 the |
Abimelech king (Jdg. 8:33-9:57) Tola 23 years (Jdg. 10:1-2) 1147? Jair 22 years (Jdg. 10:3-5) 1125? Oppression by |
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The land has peace (Jdg. 8:28) Abimelech king Tola 23 years (Jdg. 10:1-2) Israelites do evil (Jdg. 10:6) |
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evil |
Abimelech Tola 1111? |
1137?— 1134?— 1111?— |
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— 1107? |
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300 years after conquest |
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1107?— |
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— 1101? |
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1101? |
Oppression by (Jdg. 13:1) |
Eli (1 |
1056?? Born (1 Sam. 1:1-23) -1053?? Weaned (1 Sam. 1:24-2:11) born God speaks 1080?) ······ (1 Sam. 3:1-18) (1 Sam. 3:19-20) |
? Samson leads ? |
Jephthah 6 years (Jdg. 10:10-12:7) Ibzan 7 years (Jdg. 12:8-10) Elon 10 years (Jdg. 12:11-12) Abdon 8 years (Jdg. 12:13-15) |
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Oppression by ┌────┐ (Jdg. 10:6-9) └────┘ Deliverance by Jephthah Ibzan 7 years (Jdg. 12:8-10) |
1090? Philistines 1080? |
Ammonites 1089? Jephthah 1083? |
Jair 1089? |
1090?— 1089?— 1083?— 1080?— |
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— 1076? |
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1076? |
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1076? |
1076? (1 Sam. 4-6) |
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Samson |
(born 1081) |
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1076?— |
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— 1056? |
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People repent after 20 years, Philistines defeated (1 Sam. 7:1-14) |
Samuel judge (1 Sam. 7:15-17) |
(birth year unknown) (Jonathan, Saul’s eldest son and |
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Elon 10 years (Jdg. 12:11-12) Abdon 8 years (Jdg. 12:13-15) |
1060? |
(Jonathan) |
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1066?— 1060?— 1058?— |
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— 1050? |
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———————1050?: Acts 13:21 |
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Institution of kings in Israel 1 Sam. 13:1 (1 Sam. 8-12) |
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1050? |
(born 1051?) |
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1050?— |
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— 1048?? |
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God deposed Saul as |
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Institution of kings in Israel 1 Sam. 13:1 (1 Sam. 8-12) |
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1043?— |
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(born 1040?: 2 Sam. 5:4) |
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(born 1041: 2 Sam. 5:4) |
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Early kings |
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Saul |
DYNASTY |
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Saul |
DYNASTY |
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— 1025?? |
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Samuel anoints David, (1 Sam. 16-17) |
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— 1026?? Samuel anoints David, (1 Sam. 16-17) |
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1026??— |
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— 1010? |
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David king over Judah in Hebron: 1 Sam. 28:1 – 2 Sam. 2:9 (2 Sam. 5:4-5) |
1010? |
Ish-Bosheth 1008?: 2 Sam. 2:10 |
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— 1011 David king over Judah |
1011 |
Ish-Bosheth 1009?: 2 Sam. 2:10 |
1011— |
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— 1003? |
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David king over all Israel |
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1003?: 2 Sam. 2:11, 5:4-5 |
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— 1004 David king over all Israel |
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1004?: 2 Sam. 2:11, 5:4-5 |
1004— |
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David (born 991?) |
Chronology of M. A. Cragg |
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David (born 991?) |
Chronology of The Narrated Bible by F. LaGard Smith |
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(born 1000) |
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DYNASTY |
(I have added one year to all of his |
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DYNASTY |
(He makes no attempt to |
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980 Hiram I |
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— 971? — 970? |
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(born 972?) ————————————— 971 Solomon co-regent? |
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971 |
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— 967 |
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Institution of kings in Israel 1 Sam. 13:1 (1 Sam. 8-12) |
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967— |
Friendly commerce |
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Solomon |
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with David |
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Solomon |
The |
Kings |
DYNASTY OF |
and Prophets of Israel |
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(Not named in Bible |
(2 Sam. 947 |
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931—— |
Division of |
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Rehoboam 914 |
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Jeroboam I |
DYNASTY |
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See this page for a summary chart for the kings of |
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Israelites as early as |
(born 915) |
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Abijah 911 (Abijam) |
(born 908?) |
910 909 Nadab |
909 |
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912 |
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Asa |
Kingdom |
Kingdom |
Baasha 886 |
Zimri king 885 |
Tibni com‑ 885 |
DYNASTY 885 |
Those rulers mentioned |
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Adad-nirari II 891 Tukulti-Ninurta II 884 |
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(born 880?) |
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881 |
Omri |
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870 Jehoshaphat 848? Jehoram |
— 873 Jehoshaphat co-regent? (born 863) — 853 Jehoram 853— co-regent? |
Ahab fights in the Battle of Qarqar as an ally of Ben- |
874? Elijah's ——852?—— |
874 Ahab ——853—— Joram |
Obadiah's 854 Ahaziah co-regent? 853 Ahaziah 852——————————— |
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Ashur-nasir-pal II 859 —————————— Shalmaneser III |
878 Ithobaal (Ethbaal I) Father of 847 |
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841 Ahaziah (Jehoahaz) Queen Athaliah 835 |
(born 841) |
841 —— 841 - |
The Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III |
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841 |
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(born 841?) 831 |
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Joel's —814 Temple repaired Joash (Jehoash) 796 |
(born 821) (born 807*) 791* Uzziah co-regent? |
Jehu 814 Jehoahaz 798 Jehoash |
DYNASTY 793 Jeroboam II |
Elisha's 796? |
Pygmalion’s sister Dido flees Tyre and |
- 825 |
————————— 824 Shamshi-Adad V 811 Adad-nirari III |
———— Pygmalion (Pummay) |
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Amaziah |
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782 |
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783 |
785 |
*Indicates a date 739 (Is. 6:1) Isaiah's |
767 Uzziah (Azariah) 739 Jotham 731* |
(born 776*) (born 755*) —751* Jotham (born 740*) 735* Ahaz co-regent? 729* Hezekiah |
Jeroboam II 753 752 Zechariah 737— |
Shallum 752 The Iran Stela of Tiglath-Pileser III (aka |
DYNASTY OF 752 Menahem 742 Pekahiah 740* ——————— |
Jonah's PEKAH *752 Pekah ———————————— *731 |
HOSHEA *731 Hoshea |
Amos's Hosea's ————————————— Fall of Aram-Damascus |
Shalmaneser IV 773 Ashur-Dan III 755 Ashur-nirari V 745 Tiglath-Pileser III (Pul) (2 Ki. 15-16, 1 Ch. 5, 2 Ch. 28) -732———————— 727 |
The kings of |
Micah's in Judah ministry |
Ahaz *715 |
co-regent? |
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Fall of Israel (northern kingdom) to Assyria 723 |
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723 ————— |
————————————— 722 Merodach-Baladan (Marduk-apla-iddina II) |
Shalmaneser — V (2 Ki. 17-18) 722 |
Sargon II |
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——711— |
Assyria captures Ashdod (Is. 20:1). See Hezekiah. |
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710 |
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(Isa. 20:1) |
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(born 709*) |
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705 |
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—701 ←See Hezekiah. —700* Merodach-Baladan's |
697* |
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Lives and Reigns of the Kings (Same cools used for governors): Years as king (also used for the ruling periods of the judges) Possible additional years as king (uncertain) Years as co-regent with father Years prior to becoming king (or after being deposed Years prior to becoming king (or after being deposed Ministries of the Prophets: Known period of ministry (years fairly certain) Approximate period of ministry (general time period fairly certain) Assumed period of ministry (time period not known) Life prior to start of ministry (birthdate not completely certain) |
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703 702 (died 700?) |
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Sennacherib (2 Ki. 18-19, 2 Ch. 32, |
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letter Hezekiah *686 —681 Sennacherib assassinated (2 Ki. 19:37, 2 Ch. 32:21c, Is. 37:38), Manasseh repents Manasseh |
Manasseh (born 663) |
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Prior to 626 B.C. and the Chaldean |
681 669 |
Isa. 36-37 Esarhaddon (2 Ki. 19:37, Ezra 4:2, Isa. 37:38) 668 |
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Nahum's |
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*642 |
(born 648) (born 632) |
Sons of Josiah |
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Kings of Babylon, (p. 1221) |
Ashurbanipal (Osnappar) (Ezra 4:10) |
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Amon *640 |
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The Exile |
and |
Media & |
Babylon 626 |
627 |
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—631 Josiah’s reforms —621 Temple repaired (2 Ki. 22:8-23:20, 2 Ch. 34:8-33) |
626 |
Zephaniah’s Habakkuk’s |
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633) (born | (born 618) |
(born 622?) the |
Return |
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Nabopolassar |
—612 Nineveh destroyed |
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Jeremiah’s |
Jehoahaz —————— (Shallum) Jehoiakim (Eliakim) |
609 *609 ————— |
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—605* (1:1-17) —————— —604* (1:18-2:49) |
First |
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605 |
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*Dec. 598 ———Jehoiachin—— (Jeconiah, Apr. 597 |
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Great |
(born 601) ——————— |
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586 ——— |
592 Coniah) —————————— Ezekiel’s |
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Zedekiah ———— |
————————————— —584? Fiery furnace (Ch. 3) |
Fall of Judah 586 Temple destroyed |
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Nebuchadnezzar II (2 Ki. 24-25, 2 Ch. 36, etc.) |
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70 years |
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prophecy |
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—581 Final deportation (Jer. 52:30) Daniel's |
Darius the Mede (Daniel 5:31, 6, (Click here for |
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Evil-Merodach (Amel-Marduk) | |
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561 |
Jehoiachin released (2 Kings 25:27-30) |
—561- |
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—562? Nebuchadnezzar repents(Ch. 4) |
identifications) |
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561 559 555 |
Nergal-sar-ezer (Neriglissar) (Jer. 39:13) Labashi-Marduk |
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70 years (2 Chr. 36:21, Jer. 25:8-14, 29:10, Daniel 9:2, |
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—550* Daniel’s first vision (Ch. 7) —547* Daniel’s second vision (Ch. 8) |
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550* |
Nabonidus |
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—539 Cyrus’s decree (Ezra 1:1-4) —————————————— |
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—539* Wall (Ch. 5), Prayer (Ch. 9), Lion’s den (Ch. 6), retires (1:21, 6:28) |
539 — |
Fall of Babylon |
Belshazzar (Dan. 5,7,8) 539 |
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—538 First Return under Zerubbabel (Sheshbazzar) (Ezra 1:5-3:6) Foundation of temple laid 536 (Ezra 3:8-12) |
538 |
—536 Daniel’s last vision (Ch. 10-12) |
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Cyrus the Great (2 Ch. 36:22-23, Ezra 1-6, Is. 44:28, 45:1, |
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—529 Accusation lodged (Ezra 4:6) —522 Temple construction halted (Ezra 4:7-24) |
Zerubbabel (Sheshbazzar) governor (grandson of Jehoiachin) |
522 |
530 Cambyses II (“Ahasuerus/Xerxes”, Ezra 4:6) |
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—521 Temple construction restarted (Ezra 5:1-2) Temple completed 515* (Ezra 6:14b-22) |
520 — |
Haggai’s |
519— 518— |
Zechariah’s |
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Gaumata (Pseudo-Smerdis) (Artaxerxes, Ezra 4:7-23, 6:14) |
Darius king of Persia (Ezra 4-6, Haggai 1-2, Zechariah 1,7) |
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*Indicates a date about which I disagree with F. LaGard Smith |
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—490 The watershed Battle of Marathon, in which Greece prevents the Persian Empire under Darius from gaining a foothold in Europe — —483 Xerxes’ banquet, Vashti removed as queen (Esther 1) —480-479 Second Persian invasion of Greece under Xerxes, ultimately unsuccessful ———————————————————————— —478* Esther becomes queen (Esther 2) —474* Haman plans the destruction of the Jews (Esther 3-8) —478* The Jews are saved from destruction, institution of Purim (Esther 9-10) |
——————— 486 ——————— Xerxes I (Esther 1-10) |
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—458-457 The “Second Return” under Ezra (Ezra 7-10) ministry of Ezra the priest |
Decree to rebuild (Daniel 9:25)— |
Those rulers mentioned |
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465 |
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—445 Nehemiah gets news and prays (Neh. 1) —444 Nehemiah goes to Jerusalem, completion of wall (Neh. 2:1-12:26) —432 Nehemiah returns to Susa (Neh. 13:6) —425? Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem, wall dedicated (Neh. 13:7-31, 12:27-47, 13:1-3) |
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444 Nehemiah governor 432 425? |
49 years |
Malachi’s |
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Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) (Ezra 7:1-8:1, Neh. 2:1, 5:14, 13:6) 424 Xerxes II |
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—408?? Completion of the rebuilding of Jerusalem? (Daniel 9:25) |
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The completion of Malachi and |
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Darius II (Nothos) (Darius the Persian?, Nehemiah 12:22) 404 Artaxerxes II |
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The Intertestamental |
Period 483 years |
358 Artaxerxes III 338 Artaxerxes IV Arses 330 |
(Darius the Persian??, 336 Darius III (Codomannus) Bessus |
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Fall of Persia to Alexander the Great, |
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A.D. 27 |
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—167 Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid Empire, led by Judas Maccabeus
—142 Founding of the Hasmonean dynasty of high priests by Simon, brother of Judas, who were rulers of Judea, which was largely independent of both the Seleucid
Empire and the Roman Empire for much of this time. Before gaining full independence they were called “ethnarchs”, Greek for “rulers of a nation (or ethnic group)”.
—110 Full independence achieved under John Hyrcanus.
—104 The Hasmonean rulers begin calling themselves “kings” under Aristobulus I, in spite of not being descendants of King David.
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Lives and Reigns of Herodian kings and tetrarchs, and various other rulers: Years as ruler Years as co-regent with father Years prior to becoming ruler (or after being deposed) Years prior to becoming ruler (or after being deposed), uncertain birth (or death) date |
Those rulers mentioned by name in the Bible are |
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(See also here, |
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—63 Conquest of Judea by the Roman Empire. The “kings” are demoted to ethnarchs |
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—43 Antipater the Idumean assassinated by poisoning. —39 Herod the Great, son of Antipater, is elected “King of the Jews” by the Roman Senate. —37 Herod captures Jerusalem with the support of the Romans, and executes Antigonus, the last Hasmonean ruler. —20 Herod the Great begins rebuilding the Jewish temple in Jerusalem, as mentioned by Jesus 46 years later in April, 27 A.D. (John 2:20). |
King Herod (Mat. 2, Luke 1:5) died |
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Herod Philip |
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Birth of |
April) |
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408 B.C. |
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Archelaus, |
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—9 A.D. The boy Jesus in the temple (Luke 2:41-51) |
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(End of |
6 9 12 15 |
Coponius Marcus Ambivulus Annius Rufus |
tetrarch 6 A.D. Samaria |
Philip, |
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-12 Tiberius |
Annas 6 (Luke 3:2, John 18, Acts 4:6) 15 |
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Are the genealogies of Jesus complete? Click here for a discussion of this. |
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Valerius Gratus |
(died 18) |
Iturea and |
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Caiaphas 18 |
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Trachonitis |
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Tiberius |
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Jesus baptized, begins ministry |
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26 |
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Luke 3:2, |
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Jesus’ death, resurrection, ascension |
Day of Pentecost |
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Herod Antipas, |
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Martyrdom of Stephen, persecution by Saul, church scattered |
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Pontius Pilate |
tetrarch of |
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Conversion of Saul of Tarsus (Paul) |
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Marcellus |
Galilee & Perea |
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John 18, |
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Saul visits Peter & James in Jerusalem, goes home to Tarsus |
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Marullus |
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Caligula |
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Acts 4:5) |
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Founding of church at Antioch |
44 James killed by king Herod (Agrippa I) |
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34) |
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41 |
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First Missionary Journey |
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Cuspius Fadus |
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King Herod Agrippa I |
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47 Ananias |
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Early 49? Council in Jerusalem |
Galatians—?? 1 & 2 Thessalonians 50-51 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians 57? Romans 57-58? Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon 61-63 1 Timothy, Titus 64-66? 2 Timothy 67-68? Paul's Letters |
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Tiberius Julius Alexander |
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Claudius |
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Late 49-Late 51 Second Missionary Journey |
48 |
Ventidius Cumanus |
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23, 24) |
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52 |
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18:2) |
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Late 53?-58 Third Missionary Journey |
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Marcus Antonius Felix |
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King Herod Agrippa II |
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58-63 Paul a prisoner |
58-60 Caesarea |
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61-63 Rome |
60 |
Porcius Festus |
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Nero |
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Lucceius Albinus |
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67? Martyrdom of Paul under Nero |
64 |
Gessius Florus |
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Marcus Antonius Julianus |
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Destruction of Jerusalem |
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Vespasian |
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81 |
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Domitian |
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—95? Completion of the Canon of Scripture with the writing of (Revelation) by the Apostle John. |
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Nerva |
98 |
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Hadrian |
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